匿名函数与可变函数的使用

By heiry on 2019-04-22 [ in 技术 ]

PHP的MVC模式相比其他语言有快捷、简单的显式优势，其中原因之一就是PHP支持可变变量、可变函数、可变类、匿名函数等，很方便实现了动态调用。

匿名函数（闭包closures）最常用于回调，以下为官方文档的示例：

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echo preg_replace_callback('~-([a-z])~', function ($match) {
return strtoupper($match[1]);
}, 'hello-world');
// 输出 helloWorld
echo preg_replace_callback('~-([a-z])~', function ($match) { return strtoupper($match[1]); }, 'hello-world'); // 输出 helloWorld
echo preg_replace_callback('~-([a-z])~', function ($match) {
    return strtoupper($match[1]);
}, 'hello-world');
// 输出 helloWorld

声明匿名函数可将其赋与一个变量。PHP 会自动把此种表达式转换成内置类 Closure 的对象实例。把一个 closure 对象赋值给一个变量的方式与普通变量赋值的语法是一样的，最后也要加上分号：

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$greet = function($name)
{
printf("Hello %s\r\n", $name);
}; //这里需要加分号
$greet('World');
$greet('PHP');
$greet = function($name) { printf("Hello %s\r\n", $name); }; //这里需要加分号 $greet('World'); $greet('PHP');
$greet = function($name)
{
    printf("Hello %s\r\n", $name);
}; //这里需要加分号

$greet('World');
$greet('PHP');

匿名函数可以从父作用域中继承变量。 任何此类变量都应该用 use 语言结构传递进去。 PHP 7.1 起，不能传入此类变量：superglobals、 $this 或者和参数重名。

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$message = 'hello';
// 没有 "use"
$example = function () {
var_dump($message);
};
echo $example();
// 继承 $message
$example = function () use ($message) {
var_dump($message);
};
echo $example();
// Inherited variable's value is from when the function
// is defined, not when called
$message = 'world';
echo $example();
// Reset message
$message = 'hello';
// Inherit by-reference
$example = function () use (&$message) {
var_dump($message);
};
echo $example();
// The changed value in the parent scope
// is reflected inside the function call
$message = 'world';
echo $example();
// Closures can also accept regular arguments
$example = function ($arg) use ($message) {
var_dump($arg . ' ' . $message);
};
$example("hello");
$message = 'hello'; // 没有 "use" $example = function () { var_dump($message); }; echo $example(); // 继承 $message $example = function () use ($message) { var_dump($message); }; echo $example(); // Inherited variable's value is from when the function // is defined, not when called $message = 'world'; echo $example(); // Reset message $message = 'hello'; // Inherit by-reference $example = function () use (&$message) { var_dump($message); }; echo $example(); // The changed value in the parent scope // is reflected inside the function call $message = 'world'; echo $example(); // Closures can also accept regular arguments $example = function ($arg) use ($message) { var_dump($arg . ' ' . $message); }; $example("hello");
$message = 'hello';

// 没有 "use"
$example = function () {
    var_dump($message);
};
echo $example();

// 继承 $message
$example = function () use ($message) {
    var_dump($message);
};
echo $example();

// Inherited variable's value is from when the function
// is defined, not when called
$message = 'world';
echo $example();

// Reset message
$message = 'hello';

// Inherit by-reference
$example = function () use (&$message) {
    var_dump($message);
};
echo $example();

// The changed value in the parent scope
// is reflected inside the function call
$message = 'world';
echo $example();

// Closures can also accept regular arguments
$example = function ($arg) use ($message) {
    var_dump($arg . ' ' . $message);
};
$example("hello");

输出结果

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Notice: Undefined variable: message in /example.php on line 6
NULL
string(5) "hello"
string(5) "hello"
string(5) "hello"
string(5) "world"
string(11) "hello world"
Notice: Undefined variable: message in /example.php on line 6 NULL string(5) "hello" string(5) "hello" string(5) "hello" string(5) "world" string(11) "hello world"
Notice: Undefined variable: message in /example.php on line 6
NULL
string(5) "hello"
string(5) "hello"
string(5) "hello"
string(5) "world"
string(11) "hello world"

可变函数：

可变函数不能用于例如 echo，print，unset()，isset()，empty()，include，require 以及类似的语言结构。需要使用自己的包装函数来将这些结构用作可变函数。

可变函数既可以用于普通函数也可以用于类的方法调用。以下示例来自官方文档：

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function foo() {
echo "In foo()<br />\n";
}
function bar($arg = '') {
echo "In bar(); argument was '$arg'.<br />\n";
}
// 使用 echo 的包装函数
function echoit($string)
{
echo $string;
}
$func = 'foo';
$func(); // This calls foo()
$func = 'bar';
$func('test'); // This calls bar()
$func = 'echoit';
$func('test'); // This calls echoit()
function foo() { echo "In foo()<br />\n"; } function bar($arg = '') { echo "In bar(); argument was '$arg'.<br />\n"; } // 使用 echo 的包装函数 function echoit($string) { echo $string; } $func = 'foo'; $func(); // This calls foo() $func = 'bar'; $func('test'); // This calls bar() $func = 'echoit'; $func('test'); // This calls echoit()
function foo() {
    echo "In foo()<br />\n";
}

function bar($arg = '') {
    echo "In bar(); argument was '$arg'.<br />\n";
}

// 使用 echo 的包装函数
function echoit($string)
{
    echo $string;
}

$func = 'foo';
$func();        // This calls foo()

$func = 'bar';
$func('test');  // This calls bar()

$func = 'echoit';
$func('test');  // This calls echoit()
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class Foo
{
function Variable()
{
$name = 'Bar';
$this->$name(); // This calls the Bar() method
}
function Bar()
{
echo "This is Bar";
}
}
$foo = new Foo();
$funcname = "Variable";
$foo->$funcname(); // This calls $foo->Variable()
class Foo { function Variable() { $name = 'Bar'; $this->$name(); // This calls the Bar() method } function Bar() { echo "This is Bar"; } } $foo = new Foo(); $funcname = "Variable"; $foo->$funcname(); // This calls $foo->Variable()
class Foo
{
    function Variable()
    {
        $name = 'Bar';
        $this->$name(); // This calls the Bar() method
    }

    function Bar()
    {
        echo "This is Bar";
    }
}

$foo = new Foo();
$funcname = "Variable";
$foo->$funcname();   // This calls $foo->Variable()

当调用静态方法时，函数调用要比静态属性优先：

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class Foo
{
static $variable = 'static property';
static function Variable()
{
echo 'Method Variable called';
}
}
echo Foo::$variable; // This prints 'static property'. It does need a $variable in this scope.
$variable = "Variable";
Foo::$variable(); // This calls $foo->Variable() reading $variable in this scope.
class Foo { static $variable = 'static property'; static function Variable() { echo 'Method Variable called'; } } echo Foo::$variable; // This prints 'static property'. It does need a $variable in this scope. $variable = "Variable"; Foo::$variable(); // This calls $foo->Variable() reading $variable in this scope.
class Foo
{
    static $variable = 'static property';
    static function Variable()
    {
        echo 'Method Variable called';
    }
}

echo Foo::$variable; // This prints 'static property'. It does need a $variable in this scope.
$variable = "Variable";
Foo::$variable();  // This calls $foo->Variable() reading $variable in this scope.

运行结果：

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static propertyMethod Variable called
static propertyMethod Variable called
static propertyMethod Variable called

 

 

 

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