Callable 接口与Runnable接口类似可实现多线程的创建，但与Runnable不同的是，其线程方法call()有返回值并可抛出异常（Runnable 不会返回结果，并且无法抛出经过检查的异常）。另外Callable创建多线程依赖于线程池。
通过API查询，可以看到，Callable<V>是带泛型的，其泛型就是call方法返回值类型。
以下通过创建商品“秒杀”多线程FlashSale，实例讲解Callable 实现多线程的步骤：
1. 创建线程类FlashSale，实现Callable接口，重写call方法。
2.创建FlashSale线程实例binge，craze。
3.创建线程池对象实例shoppingPool
4.通过线程池实例shoppingPool的submit方法执行binge，craze。
package net.mosang.callabledemo;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
* 重写不带任何参数的 call方法，返回String类型的抢购结果提示
public class FlashSale implements Callable<String>{
private String goodsName;
public String call() throws Exception {
if(goodsName.equals("Mac电脑")) {
}else if (goodsName.equals("Mi手机")) {
public FlashSale(String goodsName) {
this.goodsName = goodsName;
package net.mosang.callabledemo;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
/**
* FlashSale线程类
* @author Heiry
* 重写不带任何参数的 call方法，返回String类型的抢购结果提示
*/
public class FlashSale implements Callable<String>{
private String goodsName;
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
if(goodsName.equals("Mac电脑")) {
return "抢到了苹果电脑";
}else if (goodsName.equals("Mi手机")) {
return "抢到了小米手机";
}
else {
return "什么也没抢到";
}
}
public FlashSale(String goodsName) {
super();
this.goodsName = goodsName;
}
}
package net.mosang.callabledemo;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
/**
* FlashSale线程类
* @author Heiry
* 重写不带任何参数的 call方法，返回String类型的抢购结果提示
*/
public class FlashSale implements Callable<String>{
private String goodsName;
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
if(goodsName.equals("Mac电脑")) {
return "抢到了苹果电脑";
}else if (goodsName.equals("Mi手机")) {
return "抢到了小米手机";
}
else {
return "什么也没抢到";
}
}
public FlashSale(String goodsName) {
super();
this.goodsName = goodsName;
}
}
package net.mosang.callabledemo;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
FlashSale binge = new FlashSale("Mac电脑"); //创建线程实例binge
FlashSale craze = new FlashSale("Mi手机");//创建线程实例craze
ExecutorService shoppingPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
Future<String> s1 = shoppingPool.submit(binge);
Future<String> s2 = shoppingPool.submit(craze);
System.out.println(s1.get());
System.out.println(s2.get());
package net.mosang.callabledemo;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
/**
*
* @author Heiry
*
*/
public class Shopping {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
FlashSale binge = new FlashSale("Mac电脑"); //创建线程实例binge
FlashSale craze = new FlashSale("Mi手机");//创建线程实例craze
ExecutorService shoppingPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
Future<String> s1 = shoppingPool.submit(binge);
Future<String> s2 = shoppingPool.submit(craze);
System.out.println(s1.get());
System.out.println(s2.get());
}
}
package net.mosang.callabledemo;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
/**
*
* @author Heiry
*
*/
public class Shopping {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
FlashSale binge = new FlashSale("Mac电脑"); //创建线程实例binge
FlashSale craze = new FlashSale("Mi手机");//创建线程实例craze
ExecutorService shoppingPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
Future<String> s1 = shoppingPool.submit(binge);
Future<String> s2 = shoppingPool.submit(craze);
System.out.println(s1.get());
System.out.println(s2.get());
}
}
输出结果
抢到了苹果电脑
抢到了小米手机
可见，相比继承Thread与实现Runable接口方式实现多线程，Callable更方便地得到多线程的返回值并进行异常处理。另外，Callable依赖于线程池，通过此方式创建多线程，步骤繁琐，更适合处理高并发。
